Codcups

Complete PHP Programming Course

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a popular server-side scripting language used primarily for web development. It is embedded within HTML and interacts with databases, handles forms, manages sessions, and builds dynamic websites.

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Introduction to PHP

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a popular server-side scripting language used primarily for web development. It is embedded within HTML and interacts with databases, handles forms, manages sessions, and builds dynamic websites.

Key Features:

Setting Up the Environment

Tools Needed:

Basic PHP Syntax


<?php
echo "Hello, World!";
?>

Explanation:

The basic syntax of PHP is designed to be simple, flexible, and easy to integrate with HTML...

Variables and Data Types

Declaration:


$name = "Waleed";
$age = 25;
$isOnline = true;
$price = 10.5;

Data Types:

In PHP, a variable is a named storage location in memory that holds a value...

Constants


define("SITE_NAME", "MyWebsite");
echo SITE_NAME;

Constants in PHP are identifiers used to store values that do not change during the execution of a script...

Operators

Types:

Operators in PHP are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values...

Conditional Statements

If Statement


<?php
$age = 20;
if ($age >= 18) 
{
    echo "You are eligible to vote.";
}
?>

The if statement in PHP is a fundamental control structure used to execute a block of code only if a specified condition is true...

If-else Statement


if ($score >= 50) {
    echo "Passed";
} else {
    echo "Failed";
}

The if-else statement in PHP is a fundamental control structure used to execute specific blocks of code based on whether a condition evaluates to true or false...

If-elseif Statement


<?php
$marks = 75;

if ($marks >= 90) 
{
    echo "Grade: A+";
} elseif ($marks >= 80) 
{
    echo "Grade: A";
} elseif ($marks >= 70) 
{
    echo "Grade: B";
} elseif ($marks >= 60) 
{
    echo "Grade: C";
} else 
{
    echo "Grade: F";
}
?>

The if-elseif statement in PHP is used to execute different blocks of code based on multiple conditions...

Switch Statement


$day = "Monday";
switch ($day) 
{
    case "Monday":
        echo "Start of week";
        break;
    default:
        echo "Not Monday";
}

The switch statement in PHP is a control structure used to execute different blocks of code based on the value of a single expression...

Loops in PHP

For Loop:


for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) 
{
    echo $i;
}

The for loop in PHP is a control structure used to execute a block of code a specific number of times...

While Loop:


$i = 1;
while ($i <= 5) 
{
    echo $i;
    $i++;
}

The while loop in PHP is a control flow statement that repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a specified condition remains true...

Foreach Loop (for arrays):


$colors = ["Red", "Green", "Blue"];
foreach ($colors as $color) 
{
    echo $color;
}

The foreach loop in PHP is specifically designed for iterating over arrays...

Functions


function greet($name) 
{
    return "Hello, " . $name;
}
echo greet("Waleed");

Functions in PHP are blocks of code that perform a specific task and can be reused throughout a program...

Arrays

Indexed Array:


$fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Mango"];
echo $fruits[1]; // Banana

Associative Array:


$person = ["name" => "Ali", "age" => 30];
echo $person["name"]; // Ali

Multidimensional Array:


$data = [
    ["name" => "A", "marks" => 85],
    ["name" => "B", "marks" => 90]
];

Arrays in PHP are used to store multiple values in a single variable...

String Functions


$str = "Hello World";
echo strlen($str); // 11
echo str_replace("World", "PHP", $str); // Hello PHP

String functions in PHP are built-in functions used to perform various operations on strings...

Forms and User Input




    Name: 
    


<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") 
{
    echo "Welcome " . $_POST["username"];
}
?>

Forms are a fundamental part of web development that allow users to input data and interact with a website...

File Handling


$file = fopen("data.txt", "w");
fwrite($file, "Hello File!");
fclose($file);

File handling in PHP allows developers to create, read, write, and manage files directly on the server...

Error Handling


try 
{
    throw new Exception("Something went wrong!");
} catch (Exception $e) 
{
    echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}

Error handling in PHP is the process of managing unexpected issues that occur during script execution...

Sessions and Cookies

Session:


session_start();
$_SESSION["user"] = "Waleed";
echo $_SESSION["user"];

Cookie:


setcookie("user", "Waleed", time() + 3600);
echo $_COOKIE["user"];

Sessions and cookies in PHP are used to store user data across multiple pages of a website...

PHP with MySQL

Connecting to DB:


$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "mydb");
if (!$conn) 
{
    die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

Insert Data:


$sql = "INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES ('Waleed')";
mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

Retrieve Data:


$result = mysqli_query($conn, "SELECT * FROM users");
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) 
{
    echo $row["name"];
}

PHP with MySQL is a powerful combination used to create dynamic and data-driven web applications...

Object-Oriented Programming in PHP


class Car 
{
    public $brand;
    function setBrand($name) 
    {
        $this->brand = $name;
    }
    function getBrand() 
    {
        return $this->brand;
    }
}
$myCar = new Car();
$myCar->setBrand("Toyota"); 
echo $myCar->getBrand();

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in PHP is a programming paradigm that organizes code into reusable objects...

PHP and JSON


$data = ["name" => "Ali", "age" => 25];
$json = json_encode($data);
echo $json;

In PHP, JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is widely used for exchanging data between a server and a client...

PHP Filters and Validation


$email = "test@example.com";
if (filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) 
{
    echo "Valid email";
}

PHP filters and validation are essential tools for ensuring the safety, accuracy, and cleanliness of user inputs...

Security Best Practices

PHP Frameworks (Overview)

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